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The COVID-19 pandemic has infected tens of millions of individuals around the world, and it is currently posing a worldwide health calamity. Wearing a face mask in public places is one of the most effective protection strategies, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Moreover, their effectiveness has declined due to incorrect use of the face mask. In this scenario, effective recognition systems are anticipated to ensure that people's faces are covered with masks in public locations. Many people do not correctly wear the masks due to inadequate practices, undesirable behaviour, or individual vulnerabilities. As a result, there has been an increase in demand for automatic real-time face mask detection and mask position detection to substitute manual reminders. This proposed work classifies people into three categories such as with mask, without mask and mask with incorrect position. The dataset is tested using three different variants of object detection models, namely YOLOv4, Tiny YOLOv4, and YOLOv5. The experimental result shows that YOLOv5 model outperforms with the highest mAP value of 99.40% compared to the other two models. Copyright © 2023 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
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BACKGROUND: The Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST) exam is an important component to the evaluation of trauma patients. With advances in technology and meeting limitations due to COVID-19, remote instruction and learning have gained popularity. We sought to determine whether remote instruction of FAST exams was feasible as sustainable surgical education and a possible alternative to traditional in-person teaching. METHODS: General surgery residents completed a baseline survey and skills assessment on FAST exams and were then randomized to remote or in-person instruction. The remote group participated in an instructional session with a content expert through video conference and then practiced on a simulated mannequin while the expert remotely provided feedback. The in-person group received the experience with the content expert in the room. Both groups completed a post-course survey immediately after the session and a follow-up survey and objective assessment at six-months. Results were compared with two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: 14 residents underwent the curriculum, seven in each group. There was a significant increase in self-reported confidence when comparing pre- and immediate post-course results for both the remote and in-person groups. At six months, confidence scores remained elevated and skill assessment scores improved, although the latter did not reach significance. There was no significant difference in post-course results between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Remote instruction of FAST exams was feasible. Pilot data demonstrated an increase in confidence and suggest outcomes that are similar to in-person instruction, which has positive implications for future remote educational and potentially clinical initiatives.
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Global literature have reported that individuals who have recovered from the acute phase of COVID-19 may suffer from persistent symptoms, namely long COVID-19, also known as the post-COVID-19 condition. WHO defines that long COVID-19 occurs in individuals with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, usually 3 months from the onset of COVID-19 with symptoms and that last for at least 2 months and cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis. Symptoms of long COVID-19 include fatigue, headache dyspnea and so on, affecting multiple systems such as neurological, psychiatric, respiratory, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. Based on the existing evidence, it is suggested to strengthen scientific research on long COVID-19, persist in a "dynamic COVID-zero strategy" currently to reduce infections,accelerate vaccination coverage, and carry out early monitoring and intervention of long COVID-19, to cope with the long-term disease and economic burden caused by long COVID-19. © 2022, Publication Centre of Anhui Medical University. All rights reserved.
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P138 Table 1Employment status of COVID-19 dischargesN 138 Essential services 41 (30) Office/admin 37 (27) Healthcare 16 (12) Non essential services 15 (11) Public transport 10 (7) Enforcement 4 (3) Heavy Goods Vehicle driver 3 (2) Carers 2 (1) Unknown 10 (7) ConclusionOur preliminary data suggests significant symptom burden within 6 weeks post discharge after a COVID-19 infection admission, which may impact on the ability of patients to return to work. In the present analysis there was no significant interaction between return-to-work status and covid severity.
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Creating truly original ideas requires extensive knowledge of existing ideas. Navigating prior examples can help people to understand what has already been done and to assess the quality of their own ideas through comparison. The creativity literature has suggested that the conceptual distance between a proposed solution and a potential inspiration can influence one's thinking. However, less is known about how creators might use data about conceptual distance when exploring a large repository of ideas. To investigate this, we created a novel tool for exploring examples called IdeateRelate that visualizes 600+ COVID-related ideas, organized by their similarity to a new idea. In an experiment that compared the IdeateRelate visualization to a simple list of examples, we found that users in the Viz condition leveraged both semantic and categorical similarity, curated a more similar set of examples, and adopted more language from examples into their iterated ideas (without negatively affecting the overall novelty). We discuss implications for creating adaptive interfaces that provide creative inspiration in response to designers' ideas throughout an iterative design process. © 2021 Owner/Author.
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BACKGROUND: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is commonly used for respiratory failure due to severe COVID-19 pneumonitis, including in patients deemed not likely to benefit from invasive mechanical ventilation (nIMV). Little evidence exists demonstrating superiority over conventional oxygen therapy, whilst ward-level delivery of CPAP presents practical challenges. We sought to compare clinical outcomes of oxygen therapy versus CPAP therapy in patients with COVID-19 who were nIMV. METHODS: This retrospective multi-centre cohort evaluation included patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who were nIMV, had a treatment escalation plan of ward-level care and clinical frailty scale ≤ 6. Recruitment occurred during the first two waves of the UK COVID-19 pandemic in 2020; from 1st March to May 31st, and from 1st September to 31st December. Patients given CPAP were compared to patients receiving oxygen therapy that required FiO2 ≥0.4 for more than 12 hours at hospitals not providing ward-level CPAP. Logistic regression modelling was performed to compare 30-day mortality between treatment groups, accounting for important confounders and within-hospital clustering. FINDINGS: Seven hospitals provided data for 479 patients during the UK COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Overall 30-day mortality was 75.6% in the oxygen group (186/246 patients) and 77.7% in the CPAP group (181/233 patients). A lack of evidence for a treatment effect persisted in the adjusted model (adjusted odds ratio 0.84 95% CI 0.57-1.23, p=0.37). 49.8% of patients receiving CPAP-therapy (118/237) chose to discontinue it. INTERPRETATION: No survival difference was found between using oxygen alone or CPAP to treat patients with severe COVID-19 who were nIMV. A high patient-initiated discontinuation rate for CPAP suggests a significant treatment burden. Further reflection is warranted on the current treatment guidance and widespread application of CPAP in this setting. FUNDING: L Pearmain is supported by the MRC (MR/R00191X/1). TW Felton is supported by the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre.
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Introduction and Objectives There has been minimal evidence of early symptom outcomes of hospitalised covid-19 patients in the UK. The British Thoracic Society (BTS) has published guidance on recommended follow up for covid-19 patients with radiological pneumonia, but there is general concern about the respiratory and general health of all covid-19 patients. Less is known about early clinical symptoms, including psychological effects, and what interventions may be required to address these. Methods We collected data for all hospital admissions to a district general hospital, that were successfully discharged, which tested positive for COVID-19 by nasal swab PCR between 7th March and 20th July 2020. They were stratified into five protocols of severity. All patients were followed-up 4-6 weeks post discharge with a holistic telephone call questionnaire via our virtual ward. The patients were triaged and managed accordingly with phone advice/sending information packs, and discussion at the weekly virtual MDT for those with significant concerns. Results 312 patients were identified but 55(18%) patients were non-contactable by phone and 18(6%) died post discharge. Of the remaining 239 patients, 167(70%) were considered to have no ongoing issues. Of the 72 patients with issues identified, 43 patients (18%) were found to be more breathless than their baseline, including 6 patients without pneumonia. 42% of ICU discharges and 20% with severe pneumonia were more breathlessness than baseline. 32 patients (13.4%) reported adverse psychological effects, with sleep disturbance in 19 patients (7.9%) and low mood or increased anxiety in 18 patients (7.5%). 41(17.2%) patients' mobility hadn't returned to baseline levels. Only 4 patients (1.3%) had radiological evidence or treated as PE during the admission. Conclusions The majority of covid-19 admissions had no significant issues at 4 to 6 weeks follow-up. Breathlessness was not exclusive to those with radiological pneumonia but the likelihood was increased in ICU admissions and those with severe pneumonia. There was relatively high burden of new psychological symptoms and impaired mobility, which again was most common in ICU admissions. Virtual follow-up is an effective way of identifying those with symptoms who may benefit from early interventions, and enables faster access to specialist support.
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P167 Figure 1ConclusionsThe majority of covid-19 admissions had no significant issues at 4 to 6 weeks follow-up. Breathlessness was not exclusive to those with radiological pneumonia but the likelihood was increased in ICU admissions and those with severe pneumonia. There was relatively high burden of new psychological symptoms and impaired mobility, which again was most common in ICU admissions. Virtual follow-up is an effective way of identifying those with symptoms who may benefit from early interventions, and enables faster access to specialist support.